In addition, he will act a leader of the businesses Construction Board.
Mr Aikenhead is the company's first Chief Executive and is the first non-family member to be appointed in a leading position within the business.
The firm stated the move was undertaken to ensure the company is 'focused around key growth areas' for the future.
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Gavin McAlpine will become non-executive Chairman, combining his role as Executive Chairman at RES, the family's renewable energy business.
Hector McAlpine will become Deputy Chairman and Edward McAlpine will take on the role of Director of Corporate Development.
Mr Aikenhead and the Construction Board will report directly into a new 'Supervisory Board' of McAlpine family members.
David McAlpine says: "The changes we are announcing today reflect the progression of the business and the natural generational succession of the McAlpine family.
"I have absolute confidence in the vision, energy and focus of the new Construction Board."
(LM/CD)
