Crossrail today announced that six of the tunnel boring machines (TBMs) required to deliver the new rail tunnels will be manufactured by Herrenknecht AG, Germany.

The first two TBMs will arrive in London in early 2012 ahead of being launched from Royal Oak in spring 2012. The TBM manufacturers have been selected by Crossrail’s tunnelling contractors. There are no UK-based tunnel boring machine manufacturers.

Herrenknecht AG will deliver two TBMs to Royal Oak Portal for the western running tunnels in early 2012, two TBMs to Limmo Peninsula for the eastern running tunnels in mid 2012 and a further two machines to Stepney Green later in 2012.

Londoners will be given the chance to name the tunnel boring machines and will be able to follow their progress as they make their way under the capital via the Crossrail website. Details about how the Crossrail TBMs will be named will be announced during the coming months.

To construct the 21km of twin-bored tunnel required for Crossrail, at least seven tunnel boring machines will be required and will undertake ten individual tunnel drives to construct the 6m diameter rail tunnels. Consideration is currently being given to the need for a further TBM on the short tunnel drive between Limmo Peninsula and Victoria Dock Portal (Drive G). The method of constructing this tunnel section is the subject of ongoing discussions with the tunnelling contractor.


The TBMs required for Crossrail will be up to 120m in length and weigh around 850 tonnes.

As the Thames Tunnel construction contract has only recently been awarded, the TBM manufacturer for this tunnel drive will be announced later this year.

The six TBMs will be transported to London by boat from the manufacturer's factory in Schwanau, Germany. The specific points of arrival in the UK are yet to be agreed between the manufacturer and the tunnelling contractors. Before they depart for the UK they will be fully assembled and tested before being dismantled into sections ready for transport.

The cutter heads for the tunnel boring machines will arrive in sections and will be transported to the tunnel launch sites and assembled.

There will be two different types of TBM to reflect the differing ground conditions along the Crossrail route. All of the tunnel boring machines, except for the TBM used to construct the Thames Tunnel, will be Earth Pressure Balance Machines, which will be used for the main running tunnels between Royal Oak, Pudding Mill Lane and Victoria Dock Portal. These will pass through ground which is predominantly London clay, sand and gravels. The Thames Tunnel, which is predominantly constructed through chalk, will use a Slurry TBM.

Rob Holden, Crossrail Chief Executive said: "In less than a year, the first tunnel boring machines will have arrived and begun their journey from Royal Oak to Farringdon. I’m delighted that Londoners will be given the chance to name the machines that will build the major new rail tunnels under London. Even though the start of tunnelling is still about nine months away, work has been ongoing since early 2010 to construct the tunnel portal at Royal Oak from where the first TBM will launch."

The TBMs will run nearly 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. There will be scheduled breaks to allow maintenance on the TBMs to take place and tunnelling activity will stop for certain public holidays including Christmas Day.

Each TBM will be operated by a 'tunnel gang' comprising of around twenty people - twelve people on the TBM itself and eight people from working from the rear of the machine to above ground.

As the TBMs advance forward, precast concrete segments will be built in rings behind the TBMs. Crossrail today also confirmed that the concrete segments for the western running tunnels between Royal Oak and Farringdon will be manufactured at Old Oak Common and transported to the TBM by rail. Crossrail is currently finalising arrangements with the tunnelling contractors for location of the other concrete segment manufacturing sites.

(CD/GK)